Wood engraving designs

Last UpdatedMarch 5, 2024

by

Anthony Gallo Image

Step 2: Preparing the wood. 40. Feb 16, 2024 · Carving a Spoon. Woodcarving Angel Tutorial. Method 3: Laser Wood Engraving Laser wood engraving represents the pinnacle of modern engraving techniques. Mar 2, 2021 · Shop Locally – Rochester NY. A simple shape with a rounded back and a slinky neck. 79,352 wood engraving stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free for download. Equipment & Tools I will be updating in the future to add a shop. g. But achieving exceptional results in CNC wood engraving requires technical expertise and artistic finesse. For the game enthusiasts and chess lovers, a wooden engraved chess set is the perfect addition to your home. The laser burns or vaporizes the wood's surface, resulting in clean and precise cuts or marks. In the end, you are much more likely to cut yourself with a blunt knife than a sharp one. See more ideas about wood engraving, wood, laser cutter ideas. Wood carving is a skill that involves lots of attention to detail and it’s a highly respected skill all 8. This tutorial is exactly what you need to get your hand-eye coordination down for more complex chip carving patterns. xTool D1 Pro Upgraded Laser Engraver – Best Value. 1. Free for commercial use High Quality Images May 13, 2023 - Explore wayne soriano's board "wood carving ideas", followed by 355 people on Pinterest. Images 337. jpg (. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. The maximum thickness, a laser cutter can cut, depends on the type of laser and its optical power. Explore the differences between laser and hand engraving, the types of wood, the steps to mastery, and the top 10 projects for beginners. Wood engraving is a printmaking technique, in which an artist works an image into a block of wood. Apr 24, 2018 · How to Engrave Wood. Feb 13, 2018 - Explore Legacy Signs VT's board "Wood Engravings & Ideas" on Pinterest. Whether you’re a seasoned crafter or just starting out, these ideas will inspire you to create something truly unique with laser engraving. Learn how to create personalized and artistic wood projects with a laser engraver. Wooden Fish Carving. Engraving Images. Find & Download Free Graphic Resources for Wood Engraving Designs. Create rustic vibes with inviting wooden objects to make your loved ones feel at home. From whimsical animal sculptures to functional yet artistic spoons, each project invites you to Browse 4,000 incredible Wood Engraving vectors, icons, clipart graphics, and backgrounds for royalty-free download from the creative contributors at Vecteezy! We want to be able to design, carve, and create new tutorials for you as fast as we can. Download: Etsy. Some common types of wood carving patterns include relief carvings, chip carvings, and whittling designs. Step-by-step instructions on ‘how to engrave wood by hand’: Step 1: Choosing the wood. Hang them at your entrance and greet your guests with pleasant wood engraving ideas. Experience the enchantment of custom wood engraving, where tradition meets innovation through the precision of laser technology. Get free wood carving patterns and discover new DIY whittling projects to inspire you for a new creation. You can always engrave free-hand, but having a pattern to trace over is a great way to start out. Doing this will transfer the image through the carbon paper on the wood. Laser engraving coasters are one thing, but laser cut coasters are a really cool way to make some creative table settings. Digital File, SVG, CNC, silhouette, Cricut. Wood Engraving. $4. Oct 16, 2023 · Wooden serving trays also make excellent gifts for newlyweds or those who love to entertain. No matter what tool you use, the proper angle is important to get a concise line. It involves carving designs or patterns into a wooden surface using specialized tools such as chisels and gouges. Where to Find Templates for Laser Engraving and Cutting Wood carving can be a meticulous and arduous activity. Use the Dremel #106 or #107 engraving bits to trace the outer lines of the pattern with a steady hand. Eversthedin: Display Typeface. Dunnigan Creek Design, in Boise, Idaho does custom engraving of stainless steel Hydro Flask, YETI and various brands of water bottles and drinkware, wedding engraving, wood signs, wine and beer glasses, gun grips and stocks, cabinet doors, award and memorial plaques, laser photos, and unique gifts. Pricing. 58k Collections 5. FREE shipping. Best CNC: FoxAlien CNC Router 4040-XE Engraving Milling Machine. 10. Showing 1–36 of 68 results. These tropical leaf coasters are an excellent example of how you can use laser cutting to make some fantastic coasters without much effort. Less beginner-friendly compared to some other software options. Dec 16, 2021 · Place these onto the piece of wood and trace over the image with a sharp pencil (do not press too hard of you might press into the wood). SVG, cdr, dxf, Ai , Pdf file. This whimsical project is perfect for those new to wood carving, providing a magical touch to your home decor. Step 6: Applying a topcoat (Optional) Cracking the Cord of Wood Code: Understanding the Basics and Factors Affecting the Amount of Wood in a Cord Jul 10, 2020 · Idea 4. 2. Welcoming hanging items to liven up your façade. Sharp your knife. Feb 19, 2024 · One-knife whittle is a perfect beginner project By James Ray Miller The easily recognizable appearance of owls makes them a great subject for a fledgling woodcarver. View & Download. To start the engraving process, plug in your soldering iron and let it heat up for 5 minutes. Mar 1, 2023 · Here are some of the best wood engraving concepts for novices to try out on their laser engraving devices. Use a gouge and a carving knife to carve a spoon from a piece of hardwood. (922) $35. This 11-piece wood carving kit comes with gouges, a skew, a v-tool, and a variety of chip carving knives. You only need a wood piece or a pre-made cutting board. Personalized Gifts Calligraphy engraving, Song Lyrics. It’s not restrictive, and it utilizes a combination of features, techniques, and decorative methods to achieve your desired look. Many woodworkers create their One of the easiest wood carving ideas is mushrooms! These little mushroom caricatures are also wonderful for those who want to practice carving faces and oversized noses. This issue is a part of the regular magazine subscription. 28:48. 337,000+ Vectors, Stock Photos & PSD files. Today, wood engraving services are in high demand as more and more people are looking for unique and personalized items. Vector file for laser cutting. Immerse yourself in the world of intricate details and captivating designs that will make your holiday ornaments and decorations truly unique. 00. Laser cutting file of the Christian cross with wood engraving pattern. As the engraving progresses the pencil lines are removed by the tool, and as there is very little contrast in color between the surface and inner wood it becomes increasingly difficult to judge the design as a whole until a proof is pulled. Aug 23, 2022 · Best for Beginners: Aufero Laser1 LU2-2 Mini Cutter and Engraver Machine. Custom Quote engraved on wood with wood frame surface coating Acrylic sheet Wall Art. With a concentrated laser beam, you can create incredibly intricate designs, including detailed 3D engravings, with unparalleled precision. Wooden Engraved Chess Set. Step 1 – Transfer the mandala design onto the plywood using black acrylic paint. Forest themed custom love message. Simply place the paper on the metal surface, lay the pattern on top and trace over it with a pencil. Custom Engraved Bookmarks. Wood carving is a skill that takes years to master. 4. (2. Wood engraved personalized letter. Wood engraving is an art form that has been around for centuries. One of the easiest wood engraving projects for beginners is a cutting board. Wood for laser engraving technology boasts significant advantages over traditional wood Edgy Hand-Drawn Font Bundle. (4. Different engraving techniques are suitable for various designs and levels of detail. cdr, . It is smaller than the 1325 model and lower power of 80-150w, but enough for phone case design. Wooden Anniversary Gift. Explore the art of wood engraving and discover stunning ideas to create intricate designs. End grain boxwood, maple, lemonwood, or other suitable tight-grained woods are prepared to make a larger surface to engrave upon. ADS. One of your unzipped files will end with . Jun 8, 2023 · Yes, using large chainsaws to carve designs into wood is a popular method of wood carving. 1,962 likes · 21 talking about this. 104 and County Line Road (across from Crown Electric). Carving a Peasant Gnome out of Wood. 5k) $3. ORTUR Laser Master 3 Laser Engraver – Best Overall. Digital File - Floral, flowers. Farmer Carving Tutorial. Find & Download Free Graphic Resources for Engraving. 9. Explore our ever-expanding collection of full-color Christmas carving patterns. Keep reading to learn how to get started. Keep on working and revisiting your wooden spoon to carve and add some details. Use a gouge or chisel Mar 1, 2024 · All you need is a cube of wood and a whittling knife. Available For: Browse 20,569 incredible Engraving Patterns vectors, icons, clipart graphics, and backgrounds for royalty-free download from the creative contributors at Vecteezy! Jan 6, 2023 - Explore Pascal Champagne's board "Wood Engraving", followed by 137 people on Pinterest. (145) $10. Free for commercial use High Quality Images. It even includes a sharpening stone you can use to keep your tools sharp while you are working on a project. Get Engraving. Once you unzip the file folder you will see two files available. Your resource to discover and connect with designers worldwide. Taking your time will make carving less stressful and more enjoyable. Digital Download. (910) $1,250. 646. Relief wood engraving is a technique where the design is carved into the surface of the wood, leaving the raised areas for printing. wood carving creative ideas and new model design work, wood carving for beginners, wood carving tutorial, wood carving new skills and techniques, how to wood Jun 15, 2022 · By definition, wood carving is the act of shaping wood by hand, whether by use of cutting tools like a knife or by use of a chisel. net Dec 25, 2023 · Secure the design: Once transferred, it is essential to secure the design onto the wood surface using tape or adhesive to prevent any movement or smudging during the engraving process. For laser engraving, glowforge, cricut. From delicate patterns to captivating portraits, the possibilities for wood engraving are boundless. Understanding the Basics of CNC Wood Engraving Oct 25, 2022 · Cut the slit about 2-1/2-inches deep. For the size of your required signs, choose a suitable wood board Feb 22, 2024 · The tactile nature of carving connects artisans with their chosen medium in a profound way. Whether you’re looking for a way to personalize your home or for special gift ideas, DIY wood engraving is the perfect solution. For a beginner, familiarizing yourself with the different wood carving styles is the first step. Wooden Snail Carving. In the beginning, it is going to be hard to do straight lines, but that is very much a Wood carving patterns refer to the designs and templates used by woodcarvers to guide their work. May 6, 2024 · Step 1 - Design Creation or Selection: Create or select a design suitable for wood engraving using design software compatible with the Cricut Maker, or choose designs available in the Cricut Design Space. Whether it's a gift for a loved one or a custom sign for a business, wood engraving can add a Adorn Engraved is an elegant engraving font that features a modern take on formal, old-fashioned invitations. 3k) WoodArt Deesigns, Belize City, Belize. 67. Step 2: Fine Quality Gifts by Creative Engraving Designs LLC. Discover 25 Wood Engraving designs on Dribbble. 1 2. Jan 27, 2022 · After the pencil drawing is complete, you can begin to engrave your wood. wall art. Bridger Laser Designs produces creatively inspired custom laser engraving and laser cutting of logos, signs, art, photos, decor, gifts, and more. Kirschen Wood Carving Kit – For Professional Carvers. If wood projects and engraving appeal to you, then you'll have to seek a different cutter. The common use of this technique is for creating prints and illustrations. Woodworking allows for mistakes. As you are engraving, feel free to adjust the depth of your tool or the angle of the blade to create more intricate details in your design. Select Your Wood. Mar 4, 2024 · May require familiarity with G-code and CNC concepts for optimal use. Choose the Type of Wood Carving. Jul 5, 2021 · For small stuff, our entry-level 1390 CO2 laser cutting machine is a good wood carving idea for beginners. Looking for inspiration for your next project or training in your Vectric software? We have over 300 FREE projects available to download, complete with a step-by-step training video so you can see how they were designed. So let’s get to it! May 2, 2023 - Explore Daniel Allende's board "Wood carvings", followed by 1,512 people on Pinterest. This guide will explore essential techniques to help you master this craft efficiently. Idea 5. We’re happy to make these free wood carving patterns available to you. Oct 6, 2016 · There's something magical about the centuries-old art of wood engraving, in which an artist uses the same tools used to engrave jewellery to create extraordi Feb 1, 2024 · Simply place the carbon paper, with the carbon side facing down, between the design and the wood surface. Page 1 of 100. Laser Cutting Designs. Shop our large retail space inside Farm House Fabulous in Webster, NY! Located at 765 County Line Road, Ontario NY 14519 on the corner of Rt. Rope Border. Once your image has been transferred onto the block of wood, you can get the engraving. Step 2 – Use the Dremel rotary tool with a wood carving tip to carve out all the black paint from the plywood. The carbon or transfer paper will leave a copy of the design on the wood, ready for engraving. jpg files are for viewing purposes only). But it hasn’t always used just for home furnishings and décor. Then decide on an engraving design that will work. Use short and light strokes to create an even cut in the wood. Geometric Patterns. This creates artwork in many styles and types, from totem poles to designs in things like your cabinet faceplates and the molding around your doors and windows. Best Small & Portable: LaserPecker 2 Galvo Laser Handheld Engraver. SolidEdge. In this engraving, we will make the text/pattern protrude from the wood surface. So, this is an excellent project to start with if you are an absolute beginner. Browse 30,340 wood engraving photos and images available, or search for wood engraving border to find more great photos and pictures. Step 2 - Preparation of Wood and Material Setting: Prepare the wood surface by cutting it to fit the StrongGrip Mat of the Cricut Maker. Begin your engraving by slowly and carefully following the lines of your design. Price: $3. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. Feel free to use them for your personal use. Approach the wood with a consistent angle of 20 to 30 degrees. 45 minutes to 2 hours. CNC (computer numerical control) machines have transformed woodworking, offering unparalleled precision and creative possibilities for wood engraving. In this article, you’ll find 17 custom laser engraved DIY projects with step-by-step tutorials so you can make your own. Our selection of custom engraved wood plaques is second to none. 2D Creations; 3D Creations . You may cut higher thicknesses, but that will require more passes. A basic fish with regular fins and tail are the favorite among carvers. 99,000+ Vectors, Stock Photos & PSD files. Example of Realistic Custom Portrait Carving Wood Picture Wall Design Home Decor Personalize Fine Art Carving Sculpture Gift Wall Hanging. Learn some tips for DIY wood engraving. Step 4: Carving the wood. We also carry a variety of gorgeous hardwoods, including rosewood, alder, oak and more. It has irregular lines and serifs as well as rough, ink-textured strokes that create hollow areas within the characters and can add dimension to your leather engraving design. The 5-Minute Wizard. We currently have 68 different wood engraving items available on Creative Fabrica. wilderness river and forest with great blue herons - wood engraving stock illustrations Leather-covered sandbag, wood blocks and tools ( burins ), used in wood engraving. This is usually seen as a branch of woodwork in general and typically takes some time and skill to develop. 20. Check out the Bridger Laser Designs Facebook page for additional samples of products. Mar 12, 2024 · 3. Creative Engraving Designs is well-known for their high quality glass engraving, ceramic engraving and multiple types of wood engraving in Louisville and surrounding areas. You can shop our eco-friendly bamboo plaques as well. Find Wood Engraving stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. eps) for free to download. A craft cutting machine is a more affordable option and is typically a bit easier to use. 50% OFF. 3axis. Step 1: After choosing your subject and sketching it out on paper, light up your soldering iron. Fix Feb 26, 2010 · The block, as it comes, has not only a line printing surface but also a fine sketching surface for the pencil. CHIP CARVING Projects. Chainsaw carving is not recommended as a go-to technique for learning wood carving (you might want to learn to control a chisel before a chainsaw). Start by securing the wood on a stable surface to begin relief wood engraving. So popular that game shows are held surrounding this skill. Browse 2,127 incredible Laser Engraving vectors, icons, clipart graphics, and backgrounds for royalty-free download from the creative contributors at Vecteezy! Below you can discover our wood engraving designs, graphics and crafts. Try your hand at relief carving by carving a simple design, such as a flower or leaf, into a piece of softwood. One common beginner-friendly design does not even involve rounding the wood at all; instead, key details like the beak, talons, and wings are suggested in […] SVG Wood Grain png Cricut File Wood Grain Texture Iron on Wood Grain Clipart Wood Laser Cutting and Engraving Wood Grain Design Cameo file. Step 5: Clean the surface. Whereas, our 55W CO2 laser ( xTool P2) can cut 18mm of wood. Photocopy to size to fit any wood block. To learn more, contact me today. Engraved Wood Plaques. ) in a simple bookmark format. 2KW 3D Engraving Machine. Apr 30, 2024 · The Winter 2023 issue of Woodcarving Illustrated includes a variety of projects, patterns, and features, as well as interesting techniques. Amrita. Regarding the tools to use, we will only need a knife or a specific knife for carving, since they have a fixed blade and a longer handle, a sharpening whetstone. Open Sun-Mon 11-3, Wed 11-3, Thur-Sat 10-4. Line Art Floral Tattoo Style Design. Ripblade Designs provide custom woodworking and laser engraving services. These patterns can range from simple shapes to intricate details, and are often related to specific cultural or artistic traditions. 99. Use the right tools: Selecting the appropriate engraving tools and ensuring they are sharp and well-maintained will help maintain the intricacy and precision of May 17, 2023 · Laser engraving is a technique that uses a laser to etch designs onto a material's surface, creating a permanent and precise image. Crafting customized wooden signs through laser engraving is a timeless and elegant project Mar 19, 2024 · Technique 1: Relief Wood Engraving. 406-404-6144. Carving a spoon is a great project for beginners to practice shaping and detailing wood. Best Laser Engravers for Wood. stl. dxf files are for cutting . Best 3D: ENICE’s DIFU 4-Axis Router CNC 6090 2. Trace over the design with a pencil or stylus, applying firm pressure. Take this project one step further by carving a Rope Board design around a Wood Sign – that’ll really make your craft stand out. Aug 30, 2022 · By using a laser engraving and cutting machine, you can not only engrave or cut materials based on 2D designs, such as pictures, patterns, logos, and silhouettes, but you can also create 3D objects, such as gift boxes, 3D puzzles, and lampshades. Oct 11, 2023 · From wood carving techniques, tools used, safety equipment, and so much more to help beginners get a firm footing. Jul 4, 2023 · Tropical Leaf Coasters. 7k. . Ken Brown, the company owner, has more than 30 years of experience in the industry, and he is committed to offering Free CNC Projects. Best Handheld: Dremel 2050-15 Stylo+ Wood Carving Detail Tool. For instance, our 40W diode laser ( xTool S1) can cut 15mm of wood in one pass. Cottage core decor engraving. Crafters, designers, and creators can use laser cutting files to cut or etch/engrave designs, shapes, words, or patterns on a wide range of materials. If you plan to make and sell any of these wood carvings, you must include this credit: Pattern from carvingjunkies. Transform ordinary wood into extraordinary art pieces, gifts, and mementos, adorned with intricate designs, names, and messages that capture the essence of your sentiments. It’s also a great way to try out your designs out on different materials (wood, leather, paperboard, metal, etc. See more ideas about carving, wood carving, wood. 6 days ago · Wood engraving in its purest form is a way to carve and etch images, letters, or art into the wood. Practicing on small blocks can help you enhance your wood carving skills for much larger projects. com. co have 613 wood engraving dxf and vector files (. Jul 30, 2018 - Engraved wood items for craft supplies or finished for immediate display. Feb 24, 2024 · Engraving Techniques. Practice different knife grips and cuts, such as push cuts and pull cuts, to achieve desired shapes and contours. SVG PDF PNG eps jpeg. To transfer a pattern onto a metal surface, use carbon paper. How to Carve Wood with a Knife. In this blog, we’ll explore 12 wood carving ideas designed to inspire and guide those taking their first steps into the captivating world of woodsmithing. With hand tools, use a chisel to carve along the grain of the wood, while for laser engraving machines, it’s important to adjust the settings for power and speed according to the wood’s hardness and desired depth of the engrave. Mar 1, 2023 · Table of Contents. Trace the design from the letter-carving templates you made onto the wood. Besides teaching you how to be safe when carving, it also touches on the basic cuts if you are not already familiar with them. This technique is commonly used for shaping and refining details in wood carvings. Each is designed to bring joy and creativity to your holiday season. Delve into the intricacies of shaping caps and stems, and Search from Wood Engraving Designs stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. We are a small, locally owned business located in Ontario Village that specializes in local wood burn Transfer your pattern onto the material. These are whittling, chip carving, carving in the round, and Oct 29, 2023 · The first thing you will want to do once you download a Free DXF file is to unzip the file with a file extraction program. 00 (40% off) Digital Download. Step 3: Creating the design. Simply photocopy them to size to fit your wood block. Mar 16, 2024 · Time to Complete. 3. If you would like to learn more, feel free to get in touch with me today. In Print Templates. Enhance your craft skills with these inspiring wood engraving projects. Ripblade Designs provide nothing but excellent woodworking and laser engraving services in San Antonio, TX. There are five types of wood carving. Laser Burn PNG, Laser Engrave File, Wood Engraving 3D Illusions, Lightburn File, Glowforge, Engraving Laser Ready, Rose Flower V1. May 17, 2023 · Laser engraver or handheld engraving tool; Wood boards or plaques; Design software (e. 71. Small Personalized Wood Plaque Engraving (5"x7") Custom Photo/Message Gift. Set time aside to take a breather from your work. , Adobe Illustrator, CorelDRAW) Protective equipment (safety glasses, gloves) Optional: Sandpaper or wood stain for finishing touches; The technique for engraving wooden signs step-by-step. →. (95) $2. com or 1-800-457-9112. With the knife, whittle away the lower part of the branch until it’s about 3/4-inch in diameter and rounded. Browse a huge array of wood plaque designs and styles, including perpetual wood plaques and stand-up plaques. We’ll tell you what kinds of wood are good for fine details, recommend a good carving depth, and more. Take your time. 5k) $39. To make this happen we need to trace all the outer lines of the pattern. Leave the end with the slit full width, carefully carving away the excess wood until each half of the slit comes to a sharp point. This will bite into the wood and not skip over the top. It is also available from your favorite retailer or from Fox Chapel Publishing, foxchapelpublishing. In this article, we'll explore twenty gorgeous wood laser engraving ideas for DIY home decor. So start with easy designs, use simple non-electric tools, and refrain from rushing. See more ideas about engraved wood, wood, wood burning crafts. Feb 1, 2023 · 17. This can look and sound intimidating but it didn’t take me as long as I had expected. (1. 17:17. dxf and the other will end with . Sign up to continue. Whittling: Whittling involves removing small, thin shavings of wood with a carving knife. A professional laser cutter does exquisite precision work, they cut through more dense materials like wood, and the blades last a lot longer. Learn how to execute your wood carving ideas step by step. (21) $19. Genmitsu Jinsoku LC-40 Laser Engraver – Best Budget Pick. Hours. Carving wood to make a spoon is a very easy beginner project. Jan 20, 2024 · Wood engraving, a precise and versatile process, utilizes a focused beam of light to vaporize or burn material, leaving behind permanent, intricate designs. Designer: Laserengravegr. Nov 16, 2023 · DIY Laser Engraving Ideas. Laser Engraved Wood Cutting Board. Digital File - Kitchen Conversion laser ready cutting board engrave file. OMTech 40W CO2 Laser Engraver – Best Desktop Laser Engraver. Personalized Christmas Wood Round. 25. Handheld cutting tools called gravers are used to cut the May 6, 2023 · Step 4: Start Engraving. See more ideas about wood engraving, engraving, wood. 28:09. OpenBuilds software is completely free and open-source, making it an attractive choice for advanced crafters looking for a cost-effective solution. Laser cutting machines are newer to the crafting and Your Woodworking and Laser Engraving Expert. We love the simplicity of using a small block and a knife or two. Functionally a variety of woodcut, it uses relief printing, where the artist applies ink to the face of the block and prints using relatively low pressure. Carving small blocks makes it easy to carve on the go where you work, play, or travel. See full list on woodbeaver. Creating a Relief Carving. 08. It also includes cutting those materials down into smaller pieces, often assembled into a larger handmade product. So it is much cheaper and has a small protection cover, which is quite economic for a green hand. Bozeman, MT. Pro Tip: Opt for a wood finish that complements your dining table or kitchen decor. See more ideas about wood carving, carving, wood carving art. Carving snails tests your round carving techniques because of their spiral shells. Closed Tuesday. Photo engraving on wood, gift for him, gift for her, wooden family portrait, handmade, photo on wood Photo gift. You can use almost any kind of wood for this project. 8. And it can’t be just any old wood. (6) $15. Step 1. Then you can engrave custom bookmarks for customers, bookstores, and more. These enchanting items offer great character and are very easy to incorporate. Custom Photo Design Converted To Black And White PNG And JPG Digital Down Load for Engraving Or Artwork 1 Image per order Ask for requests. A woodcut print is made on the long plank side of the wood whereas in wood engraving the end-grain surface is used. Sun and Moon Mandala Svg, Crescent Moon. Customized wooden signs. This is a fun laser engraving idea for those bookworms out there. vm el nx tx fa ak ka iw dh xh