M52b28tu vs m52b28 Opens in a new window or tab. Jump to Latest 2K views 8 replies 5 participants last post by Notaligned May 13, 2023. Joined: Mar 13, 2011 Posts: 82 Likes Received: 0. At Bimmerforums, you will find technical how-to information maintenance specifics 3,368 likes, 12 comments - veicomerv on July 25, 2024: "BMW M52B28 "Extreme Full Race Head " #Berylium #m52b28tu #bmwm52 #dimpling #cylinderheadporting #veicomer Prodám Spojkový set: -jednohmotný setrvačník původem z m50b25, průměr 228mm. Set vhodný na turbo nebo kompresor cca do 400hp Pasuje About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright M52B28TU Engine (2793cc) Stock Power 193BHP Standard tune 207BHP. The M52B28 was released in 1995 as a new engine for the E36 328i, E39 528i, and E38 728i models. In this video we going to do some weight measurements btw the most common 6-six cylinde BMW M52 Parts. Nachocheese24 Discussion starter. 8L (M52B28). Maybe the power curve is less aggressive on M52, that is why M54 feels more sporty? Also M52B28TU was restricted in e36 berline 318i de 1992 ,swap m52b28, collecteur admission m50b25, bmc carbone, collecteur inox , decatalysée, reprog ,pont 3. The M54B30, however, has a Here is our base turbo kit - there is no management system. Turbo or raising the compressions. This got I did some talking, and measuring with AR Design. The engine was manufactured Possible Change the M52B28 intake camshaft to the intake camshaft from the S50B30 (260 degrees duration, 11,3mm lift) or S50B32 (252 degrees duration, 10,2mm lift) We believe the M52B28 is an ideal straight-6 engine of its time thanks to its simple design, reliable technologies, fuel economy, performance, and durability. -keramická lamela 228mm -zánovní přítlačák. com. Hello all, Been researching for the past week looking into stroker combinations but they all lead to the same Hi All, Wondering if there are any differences between a 1998 M52B28 (not TU) out of an E39 vs a 1996 M52B28 out of an E36. I got the complete long block with transmission and ecu for $500. Post First time posting, I have a potential project I'm researching. Wiseco BMW M52B28 Piston Set, 84. 5-13sec is too slow, like 340HP. From what I have seen though, the power output/torque M52B28 is a DOHC engine, it just doesn't have exhaust cam VANOS (or near as nice of a VANOS setup to work with). 5 and 3. But if you have greater turbulence going into the ports the the 2. I was planning to swap my e46 convertible after my n46b20 blown out to m54b25 I did my research and some preparation. I have both 2. gauge showed M52B28 rev hang? Having weird rev hang issue where the revs shoot up ca 200rpm whenever I let off the throttle and press the clutch. M52b25 vs m54b25 power difference. jpg. 2008 I have a m50b25tu motor and a m52b28tu bottom end with these two motors I've heard the following. What's New 3 12 24 72. 8-liter engine is the biggest engine of the M52-series. EUR 75. It seems like the M52 and M52TU both have applications in the e39 528i. 8 liter straight-six engine that powered the Z3 2. 6цил блок на 84мм(м50б25,м52б25/28) с кол вал с 66мм ход от 20ка и M52B28TU / M54B30 swap into BMW E36 320i M50B20 1992. M52TU vs M54. MSRP EUR 104. Attachments. 8 KB Views: 1,512. It had valve Bmw e34 touring 95r m50b20tu swap m52b28tu Customer: I recently tore apart my 1996 328i m52b28 and realized that my bottom side of the head on one cylinder seems beyond repair, i bought a 1998 m52b28TU engine, after buying it . Save Share Reply Quote Here's the full build list and walk through! My 1990 BMW 325i with Getrag 260. Tags m52 m54 3. Sorry that you did not get much help here on the forum, but again the help you have M54 vs M52 . 75mm Compression height So, on paper it looks like this: 84/2 =42 + 140 + 27. Candidate is a '97 328is with an M52B28. 2013 um 17:17:09 pn profil zitat link. I loved it. Able to reliably produce up to 500hp, this kit is ridiculously good value for money. Can anyone with M52B28TU vs M54B30. uahttp://www. 0 330i. i've had Bimmerforums is the preferred online BMW Forum and community for BMW owners. mattsutt44 Discussion starter. I want to have more power and got an offer to buy a B3 3. If something doesn't seem right, please report it by M52B28 84mm crank M52B28 135mm rods Stock 84mm pistons Ends up at 2. Professional Series forged racing pistons from Wiseco are no Throttle Cable - M52B28 with M50 Manifold and OBD2 Throttle Body. That's really what'll be the game changer. Not much of an issue if you are planing to I'm looking for a good machine shop in the area that is familiar with BMW M52 blocks. ZF 5 speed This throttle body kits is pre-mounted. The thing is that I can pick up an m52b25 for pocket money while the m52b28 is at least 1000€. Wenn euch das Video gefallen hat , würden wir uns über ein Like un Upgrade your M52B28 Engine with Cat Cams, a leader in the performance-aftermarket camshaft industry. 0 but the 3. 8 l (2793 cm In the USA, the M52 used an iron block (except for the M52B28 in the Z3 which was an aluminum block), so the Nikasil problem does not apply to most M52 Bimmerforums is the preferred online BMW Forum and community for BMW owners. 80 mm Compression Height, 0. 8i M52B28 engine Genuine Bosch 0280150440 injectors BMW 13 64 1 703 819 0 280 150 440. What was As far as I remember the difference in the m52b25tu and m54b25 is the throttle, the intake manifold has a wider diameter inside for more air (tho you can apparently put the m54 air M52B28 Intake + M52B28 Exhaust = Overlap: 10 Degrees, Lobe Separation:109, Intake Center:113 so i guess without M50NV intake cam this will not work, only if i can find the But I believe yours should be the older version, the M52B28. Moderator: martauto. The M52 engine series replaced the M50-series. 8 m52b28tu my tech said we can make it faster by replacing the M52b28tu Manifold, throttle body, idle relay, and ecu with the same Menu. 0 are good candidates for turbo. Over the past 3 months I have been busy on a project of my own BMW 328i, 528i, 728i, Z3 2. I have two options on my M52B28 engine. ro si vezi toate anunturile din categoria de Autoutilitare ⭐ Cumpara motor m52b28 second hand sau noi! Navighează la conținutul principal. Hello members, I've some questions about swapping M52B25TU > M52B28TU (in an e46 323ci from 1999). Supafly E30 Zone Regular Posts: 559 Joined: Wed Feb 22, 2006 11:00 pm. Desired end result is an engine close to the Euro facelift S50B32 in M52B28 vs M52B28TU {{forumTopicSubject}} Er der nogle der kan fortælle mig hvad den store forskel er på de 2 motorer er? Udover dobbelt vanos? Trækker TU bedre på nogen måde? Se m52b28 OLX. The M52 vanos kicks in somewhere around 2000rpm as the single solenoid activates the oil pressure to push the piston and fully move the The M52B28TU now has Double VANOS (inlet and exhaust phase control). Jump to Latest m52b25 or m52b28. Jozi Discussion starter. Thread in 'Technical Questions' started by Whitevandan, Dec 10, 2011. 8 and the 3. 8 March 1995 to May 2000. MS41 OBD2 systems will need a jumper The inline six-cylinder 2. At Bimmerforums, you will find technical how-to information maintenance specifics About 12. Navighează la subsol. In 1998 the three versions all received a “technical update” which added a 1998 e39 528i-- M52B28 or M52B28TU? I just bought a (12/97 production) 1998 e39 528i. 0 has more power and torque. H. Then I receive the Hello all, Been researching for the past week looking into stroker combinations but they all lead to the same M54B30 internals in M52 or M50TU or M52B28 internals in M50TU Description. They make some badass BMW fabricated parts, and are great guys to deal with. Service Repair Manual: Year: I have been on the forum for a few years now, reading threads and learning from many of the members here. At Bimmerforums, you will find technical how-to information maintenance specifics E36 M52b28 engine preparation Will put pictures and details on stripping down M52 engine and fitting various new parts needed Gearbox and manifolds removed. I have 93 octane M52b28 crank B52b28 rods M52b28tu head gasket since it's Bought in and purchased myself an iron block 1997 528i m52b28 with a zf 5spd transmission. 8 NON TU is iron block and is a more robust engine vs the 3. These are the The M52B25 and M52B28 engines can be found in the E36, E39, E38, and in some early E46 models. max5412 Discussion starter. At Bimmerforums, you will find technical how-to information maintenance specifics Why thank you, thats what I wanted to hear, and no I didn't know that as a matter of fact, but it certainly is logical. newt1_page Hello everyone, I am not so new to the forums but have been in the background reading. It was pulled Hello everyone! I need some help. Forums. 142 posts · Joined 2009 Recommended oil for m52b28. 2K views 2 replies 3 participants last post by Effduration Jul 21, 2022. 45 boite volant moteur embraya The cooling system of the S52B28, relating to its M52B28 alter-ego, might be the weakest point of this family. Wenn euch das Video gefallen hat , würden wir uns über ein Like un Test firing my refreshed M52B28 for the first time!Build Thread: http://e30. At Bimmerforums, you will find technical how-to information maintenance specifics [e36]M50B25 Vs M52B28. Hi all. Which one is m20b27 on the left, m52b28 on the right. Según eso por abajo la cosa va bastante pareja y es a medio régimen donde All the M52 blocks are solid and can be bored out to 86/87mm reliably. I also have an equal exhaust manifold on in all measurements . The turbo kit consists of best-in-class quality parts that are selected to match motorsport expectations. : Bimmerforums is the preferred online BMW Forum and community for BMW owners. My current hypothesis is that the throttle cable is M52b28tu to m54b30. ua. 8l. 8, E36 328i, E39 528i, and more. Welcome to the NEW MyE28. This setup has been I have a e36 328i cabrio with m52b28 engine. 75 The M54B25 block using the 75mm Re: M52B25 vs M52B28 разлики от Jang1r » 07 Яну 2015, 14:41 м54б22може и за в е36 да се сглоби такъв. Jump to Latest 5. This Виж темата - m52b28 или m52b28TU. 16. Reply Bimmerforums is the preferred online BMW Forum and community for BMW owners. J. and yes u can feel it. It is the double temperature switch on the M52B28TU motors (1999-2000). 0 Z3, X5, 530, 330 etc; DISA valve from the same; Bimmertune Throttle Body Adaptor Plate About 12. I'll be running their M5x downpipe, and possibly having them fab my wastegate BMW E36 328i 1994-1999 M52B28 2793ccm 142kw Car Repair Manual OBD diagnostic trouble codes | Home . Jump to Latest 8. Hi! I'm looking into buying an engine to build a turbo setup on. 50 mm Bore, 31. M52B20TU, M52b25TU,M52B28TU, M54b22, M54b25, - dlhší Which clutch & FW for >400lb/ft - turbo M52b28. Whitevandan Member. The turbo kit consists of best in class quality The BMW M52B28TU is a 2. It has some updates compare to the M52B. H22_dan Discussion starter. At Bimmerforums, you will find technical how-to information maintenance specifics audio Differences between the M52B25TU and the M54B25 (2. This is not the easiest modification, but if you are at least a little bit handy, it is not Hi guys!!! I have a 2. sk. I do not want to swap it, M52B28 vs M52B28TU [ BMW Z1, Z3, Z4, Kennfelder M52B20 vs M52B28 SW Update (Motoren: Umbau & Tuning Forum) Dom316i erstellt am 14. The E36 came En principio me resulta extraño que el M52B28TU de menos potencia que el "viejo" M52B28pero puede ser debido al tema emisiones. The only difference is the clutch diameter – m52b28 – 240 mms and the m20s is 228mm. 02. 866 in. I've been following a lot of the members' build threads here and dreaming to do one Within this celebrated family sits the M52B28, a 2. Last time I had to modify the Today we going to do some comparison btw BMW M50, M52, M52TU and M54. Bimmerforums is the preferred online BMW Forum and community for BMW owners. It is the first BMW engine I have ever owned so here’s my problem. 2 Next OP Posts Only. 8mm crank M52B28 rods stock pistons Bmw e39 m52b28tu to m52b28; If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. 0 cams. The following was the M50 engine and succeeded by the M54 in the same year. The M52TU was released in 1998. I know it is not much HP gain, but would it be an option if the M52b25 vs M52b28 . m52b28 engine temp sensor. Pin Diameter, European, Set of 6. 4 posts · ak to chces fakt ekonomicky volil by som m52b28TU dovodov je viac - motor je este zliatina hlinika nie tak cisty hlinik ako m54 - zerie menej oleja uz zo samej podstaty Ja som I've read several posts about this but can never come to a definitive answer, there are just so many options. Tags 1992 m50b20 m52b28tu m54b30 swap. Jump to Latest 19K views 10 replies 5 participants last post by kaleb. Post Fri May 05, 2017 9:54 El otro día lo comentábamos en no sé qué hilo y hoy casualmente han colgado una prueba de un M52B28TU. This got OP - both engines (m52B25 and M52B28) are almost identical, M52B28 has 22HP and 35NM of torque more (which you would hardly notice), but a 328 weights 160 kg more The M52 B25 lacks the rich torque curve the B28 has. All functionalities should be working; fast. Hi All, Replacing the throttle cable on my M52 swap. new2_page-0001. Based on your suggestions and research, my 2 M52B28 tuning mods. 8-liter variant quickly known for its smooth power curve and impressive torque. bmwclub. The BMW S52 engine is a high performance variant of the M52 which powered the American Both engines have VANOS, the TU having Double VANOS. At Bimmerforums, you will find technical how-to information maintenance specifics Niebieska m52b28tuCzarna m50b25 nv My m52b28 e39, e30 swap advice thread <3 Congratulations on getting this running and thank you for all of the information in the thread. Yo tenía otra escaneada de un M52B28 Son sólo Accede o Bimmerforums is the preferred online BMW Forum and community for BMW owners. I'm currently looking for forged pistons to be able to take M52TU vs M54. Hello all, long story short. It was released in the E36 320i, [1] to replace the M50. Последно посещение: 30 Дек 2024, 16:59 m52b28tu е със стоманени ризи в цилиндрите и няма The world-renowned BMW M52B28 engine launched in early 1994 in the E36 3-series continued production until late 2020. ca M52B28TU: 2. 5L) are minimal, limited mostly to differences in ECU tuning and the intake manifold. The change in displacement comes from different Actually, true - edjack is correct. The blocks for the 25 and the 28 are the same. Heute zeigen wir euch , wie man die Kolbenringe und Pleuellager bei einem M52B28 wechselt. БМВ СТО/Тюнинг http://garage-racer. Jump to Latest 12K views 8 replies 4 participants last post by NZenigma Jun 13, 2017. 3 Alpina engine (m54b33?) comes out of e46. The M52's VANOS systems will give you a smidge more performance and economy, at the expense of increased complexity and more things to go wrong. 8l (obviously) and 10. 17 posts · Joined 2017 Add M52b25 vs M52b28 . We offer ready to install complete turbo kit for any M50B20, M50B25, M52B28, M52B28TU and all of M54 engines. I'm just wondering if it's worth going for the M52TUB28 engine as a first timer. Hello again, I've asked previously on engine swap options for my 89 318i manual which has a 250,xxx km m20b18. The Intake manifolds look completely differently, along with the rest of the engine. My Profile My Preferences My Mates. I miss it (it was totalled by being rear-ended in freeway stop-and-go on the way to mail registration for a BMW E36 M52B28 Vanos + M50 intake + manifold header (M3 E36) + Soft vs BMW E30 M50B25 24 valves(non vanos) -402m- M52B28 vs M50TUB25 vs M50TUB28 Data 02-17-2021, 02:32 AM. #3 in the pic, part # 13621703993. We offer ready to install complete turbo kit for any M50B20, M50B25, M52B28, M52B28TU, and all M54 engines. The BMW M52B28 is a 2. Was looking to swap out the engine on a project e30 I've bought, I'm seeing conflicting things online about the m52tub28 being a possible swap. There are three M53 versions BMW M52B28 engine reliability, problems and repair. 597. 50 28% off. 177K miles - was dealer maintained until 130K. Двигатель Двигун BMW E38 E39 E46 м52в28 ту м52в25 м52в20 м54 м52 м52tu I also have an M52B28TU block and am thinking about putting an M54 head on it. So if I understand correctly, the technical update done on the M52 for e46 328s (and 323s) added the double vanos. 75 = 209. While I'm Can someone please help me understand why the M52 and the M52TUhas exacly the same power at the same peak rpm M52B20 and M52B20TU is the same (150bhp@5900) M52B28 swap in my 316i e30. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to Stock internals just M3 cams , Cooper spacer , cutring HG and Arp head studs on rpsi mani , 80lb injectors RK tunes, meth Bimmerforums is the preferred online BMW Forum and community for BMW owners. Hello all. Search My Stuff. Официален форум . 1995-1999 E36 328i, 328is; 1995-1998 E39 528i; 1995-1998 3 version of the M52 were manufactured: a 2. The Nevertheless, M52B28TU has 13% more torque. You should start with the M52 engine to learn the MS41. The service The M50TUB25 and M52B28 cylinder heads are interchangeable. With so many different applications, the M52 is incredibly popular, especially as it becomes an easy Úprava motoru M52b28 pre BMW E36, Kapitola 4: Ostré vačky - všetko o úprave BMW motorov M52b28 M52b25 a M52b20 nájdete na gag-racing. 2:1 compression OR: S50 85. Tweet. 9 posts • Page 1 of 1. ua/threads/135769-BMW-328i-m52b28tu-1998-%D0%9F%D0%BE Really, it comes down to refinement vs reliability. Well, I would go for 330ci obviously, but there are a few problems in my particular case: M52B28 swap to M52TUB28. (on the left) vs the M52TU motor which has an aluminum block with iron piston sleeves and an aluminum head For the record, the iron block is an m52b28 pulled from an e39, the aluminum block is also an m52b28 pulled from a 97 z3. Jmc E30 Zone Newbie Posts: 9 Joined: Thu May 04, 2017 10:00 pm. Difference is barely noticeable at neutral. ua/threads/135769-BMW-328i-m52b28tu-1998-%D0%9F%D0%BE This is BMW parts item 201-4302, described as ARP Head Stud Kit for BMW E36 E34 E39 Z3 M50 M52 S50 S52, which you can buy online at BimmerWorld at the best price. 05. Now with moar & better technologiez. 6K views 1 reply 2 participants last post by dcdrift Mar 23, 2023. The eldest representative of M52 family was firstly introduced in 1995. The big difference is dual VANOS (variable valve timing system for both camshafts), Wie ich im Internet gelesen habe, gab es den 2. Forum rules Kiekviena tema šioje skiltyje turi prasidėti automobilio kodu laužtiniuos skliaustuose (pvz. NZenigma Discussion starter. 8er einmal mit dem M52B28 aus dem E36 und dann das Faceliftmodell mit dem M52B28TU. barber Aug 31, 2015. lima on June 18, 2023: "M52b28 vs Sr20det ". Brand new | Business. -First the scale by itself-Then the scale with some 2x4 blocks Third graph (newt3) - tune firmware on M52 intake VS tun firmware on M54 intake. We hope you enjoy this build video, we plan to bring you lots more content like this, let us know what M54B30 manifold swap on M52TUB28. the 2. 1 M52B28 VS M52TUB28 for tuning . BMW E36 328i (2793ccm) 1994-1999. Once I find one I will be dropping a M52B28 block and getting a bore and other work to prep this for a There has to be someone out there that has successfully broke the 350whp mark on an m52b28tu! Reactions: MStrong1977. 0L (M52B20), 2. The kit contains: - fitting instructions - 3x45mm throttle bodies - intake manifold - airbox - throttle control linkage. 8 l (2793 cm In the USA, the M52 used an iron block (except for the M52B28 in the Z3 which was an aluminum block), so the Nikasil problem does not apply to most M52 engines in the USA. Many radiator supporting components are plastic-made. M. Welche sind die wesentlichen Unterschiede, bis aus die Einzel- und The BMW M52 is a straight-6 DOHC petrol engine which was produced from 1994 to 2000. 5L (M52B25), and 2. 5 KG solid flywheel. Environmental class of M52B28TU is higher – EURO 3 (M52B28 has EURO 2). Thanks to Redline Motorsports for the swap harnessThanks for watchin! M52b28 vs m54b30 . 45 / msr coilovers / rear polydrift training in Product Details The early M50/M52 engines had a serious weak point: the water pump. Mitglied seit: 27. I have a m52b28tu from a 1999 528i and I have a m50b25 from a 1995 525i. The above figures are based on a totally standard vehicle with no other modifications. BMW originally used a plastic impeller in the waterpump. The series of engines also includes M52B20, So, I am looking for a pre-facelift coupe, and I am still debating 325ci, 328ci or 330ci. This would degrade over time and eventually break apart. Reply OP Posts Only. 8 posts · Kilen Front Coil Spring for BMW 328 i M52B28/M52B28TU 2. I was driving home and noticed that the temp. Prev of 2. 44 cu-in) straight-six, four-stroke cycle naturally aspirated gasoline engine from BMW M52-family. understand the VANOS system is naturally more Does anyone have an actual number for the weight comparisons between the M52B28 and the M52TUB28? Thanks for the help, Kevin Doyle Kevin Doyle KD Motorsports i noticed a while ago that both the later (TU) versions of these 2 engines produce pretty much the exact same power, despite the later M52 being 2. Ironically the M50B25 has similar power to the M52B28 but again its in a torque hole, that being said if they are buzzing M52B28 vs m52tub28 . While there is no doubt that the M50 and M52 engines are close siblings, M52B28. Jump to Latest 27K views 20 replies 8 participants last post by bwchiptune Jan 10, 2012. We hope you enjoy this build video, we plan to bring you lots more content like this, let us know what I had very much the same combo; M52B28 in an '87 325is. Moderators: zygasbmw, stashas. panici. These Camshafts will increase airflow into the engine by Cat Cams M52B28 Sport Primeras sensaciones del proyecto, antes era un 318i de 105cv (m10b18) y ahora lleva el de un e39 528i (m52b28), también la admisión del 325i (m50b25), colec lol m52b25 m52b28 simple. 8 liters (2,793 cc, 170. The eventual fix for engines Intra pe OLX. Parts needed? M54B30 manifold from a 3. We can tailor this to your BMW e34 1993 520i m50b20 SWAP m52b28tu M52b28 Engine - DME - full swap This is a full drop out (minus AC compressor) of my 97 328I This engine is healthy. This engine was home in various BMW models, Bimmerforums is the preferred online BMW Forum and community for BMW owners. I think the exhaust cam may even have the same part number for 429 likes, 10 comments - chivatas. Buy it M52B28TU: 2. New audi m52b28tu maf scaling ms42 turbo. 179 posts · Joined 2008 Add to sedan 320i m52b20 / open diff 3. Dear Customers Our Shop is Closed And We Are Away On Winter BMW M52B28 Engine Specifications. Tags m52b28tu m54b30. Jump to Latest 1. 25 posts • Page 1 of 1. x first and then move to the MS42. 07-04-2022, 11:29 AM. Mesaje. 9 posts · BMW E30 M52B28 Build Content, start to finish project. Neither have any rotating assembly, are stripped bare. 45 / rear poly / TA coiloverscoupe 318is m52b28 + m50 intake / welded diff 3. Thasilvaone Discussion starter. At Bimmerforums, you will find technical how-to information maintenance specifics audio advice wheel and tire combinations and model M52B28 Crankshaft 84mm M50B25 connecting rods 140mm M54B25 Pistons, 27. While driving, difference is more noticeab Bimmerforums is the preferred online BMW Forum and community for BMW owners. The M50 is a little bit more primitive, BMW E30 M52B28 Build Content, start to finish project. To my knowledge the exhaust manifolds are Hello! I have a Volvo 940 with a BMW M52B28 engine. The BMW M52 engine was a 2. At Bimmerforums, you will find technical how-to information maintenance specifics Bimmerforums is the preferred online BMW Forum and community for BMW owners. 8 litres, and the earlier M50 BMW M50 vs M52 Engine. Meaning, Stock 13 KG dual mass flywheel was swapped with 6. I'm fixing a blown head gasket on my 98 e36 328i 2. Put the last seven of your Primeras sensaciones del proyecto, antes era un 318i de 105cv (m10b18) y ahora lleva el de un e39 528i (m52b28), también la admisión del 325i (m50b25), colec Heute zeigen wir euch , wie man die Kolbenringe und Pleuellager bei einem M52B28 wechselt. At Bimmerforums, you will find technical how-to information maintenance specifics Hey everyone im doing a swap in my e28 but don't know what engine to use. 2K views 4 replies 3 participants last post by Jozi Aug 12, 2012. 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