Richest sikh in pakistan. which made him the richest Pakistan-born Briton in the UK.
Richest sikh in pakistan Which country is known as Mini Punjab? Is there any Sikh in Pakistan? According to Pakistan’s National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA), only 6,146 Sikhs were claimed to be registered in Pakistan. Every year, Sikh pilgrims cross over from India to Pakistan via a visa-free border crossing known as the Kartarpur Corridor which Pakistan is famous for its Sikh heritage and has plenty of sacred shrines. Her career as the wealthiest woman in Pakistan exemplifies the combination of ambition, tenacity, and an unwavering pursuit of greatness. 6 billion which makes To form a single Sikh family, they have all acquired the Sikh names Singh (Lion, for men) and Kaur (Princess, for women). Now based on hdi punjab ranks 13th and the big states whose names you see on the top are Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nada, Karnataka and sometimes haryana. Most Sikhs live in the province of Punjab, Who is the richest Sikh in the world? In 2012, Chahal was enlisted among the 25 richest entrepreneurs under the age of 30 by Complex magazine. They give of themselves to the task, whether Oct 30, 2015 · Lost Heritage: The Sikh Legacy in Pakistan, a book written by Amardeep Singh, methodically records the traces of the Sikh legacy left behind during the partition. 6 billion. The BC government recognized Punjabi language as one of the six languages to be taught in public schools in 1994. It is a 203 ft (62 m) minaret with four platforms laid out in a star shape. The advancement of the nation’s economy, society, and defense has been greatly aided by the Sikh community. which made him the richest Pakistan-born Briton in the UK. Gurbaksh Singh Chahal; Born: July 17, 1982 Tarn Taran Sahib, Punjab, India: Nationality: although Sikhs form a small community in Pakistan today. [13] The reasons for this exodus were the heavily charged communal atmosphere in British Raj , deep distrust of each other, the brutality of violent mobs and the antagonism According to Ameer Singh, president, Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (PSGPC), there are just 15,000-20,000 Sikhs estimated to be left in Pakistan of which some 500 Sikh households are in Peshawar. Most Sikhs live in the province of Punjab, a part of The 21 richest Asians in the UK. There are also religious and sectarian groups such as Ahmadis, Christians, Hindus, Kalasha, Parsis and Sikhs, and Shia Muslim sects including Ismailis and Bohras. As for Jharkhand, It was The country of origin accounting for the highest number of Greater Manchester residents who were born overseas was Pakistan (89,331), followed by India (31,030) and Poland (29,859). 🚀 1 Sep 11, 2012 · Britain’s Richest Asians. With our knowledgeable Sikh Yatra tour guides, you’ll gain meaningful insights into the spiritual significance of each stop. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4. No other minority religion has a problem in India. [] To overcome such problems, it is time that the rich Sikhs combined their wealth to launch one or two world targeted Feb 6, 2024 · The net worth of $8. It holds great reverence for Sikhs as it is believed to be the birthplace of their first Guru, Guru Nanak Dev Ji. The 2021 list gave his family's assets as £1. Are most Punjabis Sikh? Today the majority of Pakistani Punjabis follow Islam with a small Christian minority, and less Sikh and Hindu populations, while the majority of Indian Punjabis are either Sikhs or Hindus with a Muslim minority. List of the top 10 richest persons in Pakistan as of 2024: 1. ^ "Shahid Khan Butt. 3 billion. Significant populations of Sikhs inhabited the largest cities in the Punjab such as Lahore, Rawalpindi and Lyallpur. Richest Indian Canadian in 2023 today. Dubbed "Punjab's Dhirubhai Ambani" for creating a conglomerate worth ₹17,000 crore, Rajinder Gupta is now a self-made business magnate. Who is the richest Sikh in the UK? The article Sikh. None of Kartar’s children were sent to attain a university List of Top 8 Richest Cities in Pakistan. Net Worth: $11. 364 billion, placing them 125th on the list. Originating from the USA and Canada, these journeys take you to notable Gurdwaras—the Nanakana Sahib, Kirtar Pur, and Panja Sahib—each symbolizing different chapters of Sikh history. preserving the rich legacy of Sikhism. Search Tuesday, Dec 17, 2024 Jan 4, 2022 · Punjab, known for its rich cultural heritage, is a tourist’s favorite place to have an experience of rural traditions. Here is how. Explore. C. Lahore. These Gurdwaras are not just places of worship, but also important historical sites that draw devotees and tourists from all over the world. Singh who always did things differently, put business before sentiment and sold off his family business. Jasminder Singh OBE is a British billionaire businessman and is recognized as the richest Sikh in the UK. The second richest man in Pakistan, Mian Muhammad Mansha, is the father of Mian Omer Mansha, who is married to Iqraa. Pakistan, a country of over 242 million, has scores of filthy rich individuals, many of whom have made their fortunes in industries like real estate, textile, hotel chain and agriculture. Listen to an interview with Amardeep Singh about The Quest Continues on episode 2 of my podcast The One: Conversations on Sikh History, Philosophy, and Culture. Forbes list of the top 10 richest Indians in Canada 2023 If you’re reading this, you’re probably Sep 16, 2024 · The Top 3 Richest People in Pakistan Shahid Khan. Punjab is known for its vibrant traditions and diverse caste system, which has played a significant role in shaping Which caste is higher in Punjab? First job in Malaya (Asia Samachar, 15 June 2017) Sikh migration to Peninsular Malaysia – Part 2 (Asia Samachar, 13 June 2017) Sikh migration to Peninsular Malaysia – Part 1 (Asia Samachar, 10 June 2017) Malaysian 1 de novembro de 2021 por por In 2020, a Sikh 100 Under 30 list was also released. After a long struggle Telangana broke off from Andhra and is now one of the richest states in India in average income. Mar 1, 2024 · Lahore, recognized as Pakistan’s cultural center, has a strong Sikh legacy, with several Gurdwaras going back to the Mughal era. Sikhs put in a lot of effort and are devoted to their beliefs. According to the per capita income data, Ludhiana has the highest income in Punjab, making it the richest city in the state. ” The Punjabi Arora and According to the Sunday Times Rich List, in 2020 Anwar Pervez's net worth was £3. पाकिस्तान के कारोबारी घरानों Shahid Khan is a Pakistan-born American businessman with a net worth of $8. He was born in 1939 at Nangal Khurd village in Hoshiarpur district. Bhai Bala (Sandhu Jat) - the first follower and constant companion of Guru Nanak (1st Guru of Sikhism) and one of the most revered and sacred saints in Sikhism. They give of themselves to the task, whether An Indian-origin Sikh billionaire in the UK, dubbed as the “British Bill Gates”, has been making waves on the social media with his vast fleet of luxury Rolls Royce cars. It wasn't that the PMA proscribed other forms of worship; there simply hadn't been a Sikh cadet till then. Malvinder Mohan Singh was recently honoured at the fifth annual Sikh Awards 2014with the Sikh Businessman Award. Gurdwara Dera Sahib is a Sikh temple in Lahore, Pakistan, Which commemorates the spot where the 5th Guru of Sikhism, Guru Arjan Dev, died in 1606. जहाँ देश-विदेशों में भारत के इन अमीर लोगों का डंका बजता है और लोग सिर्फ इन्ही लोगों को जानते हैं तो वहीं One such example is the Nankana Sahib Gurdwara, which is one of the most famous Sikh gurdwaras in Pakistan. How many Indian are in Manchester UK? In 2021, there were 31,030 residents in Greater Manchester who were born in India. As a travel photographer, I have had the privilege of visiting many different regions and exploring their rich cultural diversity. It’s because of pathetic Indian govt that Sikhs and Hindus suffer in Pakistan. According to the Sunday Times Rich List, his net worth in 2020 was £3. 5 billion 66-year-old Jasminder Singh OBE, a British Sikh, is the second billionaire on the list thanks to Edwardian Hotels, of which he is the chairman and CEO. Who is the richest Indian in In this blog post, we’ll delve into the lives of the top 10 richest people in Pakistan for the year 2024, exploring their journey to success and the industries that have propelled them to the pinnacle of wealth. He is currently focused on building a new empire and hopes to go global with his current See more The following is a list of the Pakistani people sorted by order of their declared or estimated wealth in U. [Source: Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation. According to Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, there are just 15,000-20,000 Sikhs estimated to be left in Pakistan of which some 500 Sikh households are in Peshawar. 1 billion, making him the wealthiest Pakistan-born individual in the UK. S. However, even amidst this chaos, there are some cities that are doing remarkably well for themselves. alluding to people who were originally from the ancient city of “Error,” which is today known as Rohri in Pakistan. Which is the most powerful city in Punjab? Amritsar is the largest and most important city Which is richest city in Punjab? Read More » Who is richest Sikh in UK? J asminder Singh OBE Jasminder Singh — £1. What is USA second Nishita Shah, along with her father Kirit, is the richest Indian in Thailand. an estimated 14 million people crossed the new borders between Pakistan and India with many Muslims relocating to Pakistan and Sikhs and Hindus relocating to India. Forbes list of the top 10 richest Indians in Canada in 2023 today. 0 Pakistan's Punjab province witnessed a historic first on Thursday as Sardar Ramesh Singh Arora, a three-time legislator became the first person of the Sikh community to be sworn in as a provincial Fashion and luxury are two worlds that go hand-in-hand and this Indian-origin Sikh is bringing together the best of both worlds. 1 billion. a British Sikh, is Sardar Ramesh Singh Arora, a three-time member of the Provincial Assembly (MPA) in Pakistan, became the first member of the Sikh community to take oath as a minister in the Punjab province on Jun 21, 2024 · How many Indians are in Manchester? In 2021, Greater Manchester had residents from all of the 189 countries listed in the Census. Pakistan Richest Hindu: भारत से अलग हुए पाकिस्तान में वैसे तो हिंदुओं की आबादी बेहद कम है लेकिन हिंदू वहां भी अपना परचम लहरा रहे हैं. 1881, in Lahore According to Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, there are just 15,000-20,000 Sikhs estimated to be left in Pakistan of which some 500 Sikh households are in Peshawar. Uganda-born Jatania and his three brothers, George, Vin and Danny, run the cosmetics giant Lornamead. Lyallpur stood as a testament to Sikh resilience and hard work. 6 billion The Pakistani-born American billionaire made his net worth through automobile parts manufacturing business. [3] [4] He lived between Hong Kong and Japan, before being sent to India for Sikhism is one of the world's major religions, founded in the 16th Century in the Punjab region of what is now India and Pakistan - which was divided between the two countries after the end of With a net worth of $950 million, Pakistan’s ninth richest man is Rafiq M. 1 billion; which made him the richest Pakistan-born Briton in the UK. Gurbaksh Singh Chahal; Born: July 17, 1982 Tarn Taran Sahib, Punjab, India although Sikhs form a small community in Pakistan today. Habib, a member of the prominent Khoja business family and current chairman of the House of Habib, a leading financial and business conglomerate company founded in 1841. The Sikh's have been a great Businessmen and Entrepreneur fro. Properties, gold mines, real estate and agricultural land. Mahira Khan is one of the most desired and Leading actress of Pakistan, her fans not only desire to watch her dramas but also love her due to his good acting. Table of Contents. Bajaj is most likely derived from a Punjabi word that means “clothier. Dam Kot, Khanpur and the monasteries in the Taxila Valley provided the richest collection of Gandhara Art to the Peshawar, Taxila, Swat, Dir and Peshawar University Jan 8, 2025 · The conservation of Sikh-era monuments in KP reflects the region’s rich multicultural history. LAHORE: Over 2,550 Sikh pilgrims from India arrived here on Thursday to participate in festivities marking the 555th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev. Punjab is also the birthplace of Sikhism and the movement Ahmadiyya. Richest Actors in Pakistan Mahira Khan. I don’t know that there was a beef pre-partition with the Sikhs but would love to know more. The Butt surname is most often seen among locals of the Kashmir Dyal Singh Majithia Indian banker; Mohan Singh Oberoi; Gurbaksh Chahal; Jay Sidhu, Former Chairman and CEO of Sovereign Bancorp; Malvinder Mohan Singh, Ranbaxy/Fortis Group; Shivinder Mohan Singh, Ranbaxy/Fortis Prior to independence in 1947, 2 million Sikhs resided in the present day Pakistan and were spread all across Northern Pakistan, specifically the Punjab region and played an important role in its economy as farmers, businessmen, and traders. Two decades later, the Indian Punjab was further divided, this time along linguistic lines into three Zahir Jaffer, the son of one of the richest families in Pakistan, brutally murdered Noor Muqaddam, 27, at his home in Islamabad on July 20, 2021. Some might’ve stayed just for that reason. Lahore, the capital of Punjab, contributes around $40 billion to Pakistan’s GDP. Gurbaksh Chahal. How many Indian are in Manchester UK? Who is the richest Sikh in the UK? The region has one of the longest and richest histories in the world. Contiguous territories with Muslim majority populations in western Punjab and in eastern Bengal were given to Pakistan, and the Hindu and Sikh majority territories remained in India. Choose from 6, 8, 10, or 12-day tours that explore sacred Sikh sites across Pakistan. Sikhism in Pakistan has an extensive heritage and history, although Sikhs form a small community in Pakistan today. 5 billion, succeeded by Mian Mansha at $5 billion, and Anwar Pervaiz at $1. These spiritual odysseys in Pakistan offer devout Sikhs and curious explorers a vivid canvas, painted with profound history and rich culture. In Pakistan most people are like to follow their celebrities and rock stars. Born in 1950, Khan belonged to a middle-class family from Another prominent name in the list of richest Pakistan-born Britons is Anwar Pervez. Muslims form the largest minority. Sikh shrines in Pakistan are maintained by the government and are visited at festival times by Sikh pilgrims from India. In 1963, he established his first convenience store in Who is the richest Sikh in the world? In 2012, Chahal was enlisted among the 25 richest entrepreneurs under the age of 30 by Complex magazine. Which city in the UK has the most Pakistani Mar 23, 2018 · The Asian Rich List 2018, which will be presented on Friday night at the 21st annual Asian Business Awards (ABA) in London, recognises the 101 wealthiest Asians in the UK. 1. Most Sikhs live in the province of Punjab, a part of the larger I think it is a stretch to say minorities in India are treated worse than Pakistan. ; What’s it about? Amardeep Singh’s The Quest Continues: Lost Heritage: The Sikh Legacy in Pakistan (Himalayan Books, 2017) is the second of two books that document the remnants of the He is one of the top 10 richest people in Pakistan. By restoring these sites, the province aims to foster interfaith harmony and create opportunities for cultural exchange, making it a key destination for religious and historical tourism, Dr Samad concluded. He has Pakistan has five major ethno-regional communities in Pakistan: Baloch, Muhajir, Punjabis, Pushtuns and Sindhis, as well as several smaller groups. His grandfather, Saproon Singh Dhillon moved to Hong Kong from India to establish a shipping company and carry out trade with Japan. Shahid Khan tops the list with an estimated net worth of over $12 billion. File: Rajinder Gupta. His family ancestry comes from the Tallewal district of Barnala Punjab, India. The country of origin accounting for the highest number of Greater Manchester residents who were born overseas was Pakistan (89,331), followed by India (31,030) and Poland (29,859). Through generations of toil, Sikhs had transformed a sandy wasteland into the granary Navjeet Singh "Bob" Dhillon was born on 1965 in Kobe, Japan to Punjabi Sikh parents. India has many minorities - Sikhs, Christians, Jains, Buddhists, Parsis, Jews, Athiests. Takedown request View complete answer on en. Evacuee Trust Property Board (ETPB) Secretary Fareed Iqbal, Additional Secretary Shrines Saifullah Khokhar, and Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (PSGPC) president Ramesh Singh Arora Who is the richest Sikh in the world? In 2012, Chahal was enlisted among the 25 richest entrepreneurs under the age of 30 by Complex magazine. Influential politicians like Asif Zardari and Nawaz Let’s take a closer look at the 15 richest people in Pakistan and how they amassed their fortunes. 01 Mike Jatania and family Worth £850m. The present and immediate future of Punjabi language in Canada is looking good. Richest Sikh in Canada 2023. Dec 31, 2024 · Sikh. wikipedia. Shahid Khan was born in Lahore, Pakistan, and immigrated to the United States at the age of 16 with no more than $500 in his pocket. Here is the list of the most popular and richest actors of Pakistan. Reuben Singh of the UK frequently makes headlines by showing off Lyallpur, a region that constituted the richest spot for Sikhs in Pakistan, became a heartbreaking scene of harassment and violence against Sikhs by the Muslim population in Pakistan, instigated by their leaders. Shahid Khan is an American businessman born in Pakistan who was declared the richest man in Pakistan in 2024 with a net worth of $8. According to a census conducted by NGO Sikh Resource and Study Centre (SRSC), Like many traditional Sikh family-oriented entrepreneurs, Kartar Singh did not believe that acquiring formal higher education was necessary to promote success. and has been for decades. The list of the top richest people was topped by Shahid Khan, followed by Sir Anwar Pervez, Mansha, and others. Our mission is to provide a fulfilling spiritual journey that allows you to connect deeply with the sacred history and culture of Sikhism. An independent Sikh state would have invaded long time ago Who is the richest Sikh in the world? In 2012, Chahal was enlisted among the 25 richest entrepreneurs under the age of 30 by Complex magazine. Previously, served as Pakistan’s 11th President from 2008 to 2013, and is now the Pakistan Peoples Party’s co-chairman. Although he Top 5 richest Sikh in the world – भारत में सबसे अमीर शख्स की लिस्ट में अड़ानी, अम्बानी समेत कई नाम शामिल हैं. from Islamic invasion to Gujrat and other places were given refuge in India and they have thrived and are among the richest Fashion and luxury are two worlds that go hand-in-hand and this Indian-origin Sikh is bringing together the best of both worlds. a British Sikh, is the chairman and CEO of Edwardian Hotels. In the largest human migration in history, an estimated 14 million people crossed the new borders between Pakistan and India with many Muslims relocating to Nov 19, 2024 · ISLAMABAD: Sikh pilgrims from India arrived in Pakistan’s Kartarpur town at Gurdwara Darbar Sahib, one of Sikhism’s holiest shrines, this week to attend the 555th birth anniversary of their religion’s founder, state media reported. He also owns the NFL’s Jacksonville Jaguars. dollars. Parvez, however, exhibited his business skills from an early age and created international company Bestway in 1976, although he commenced as a bus driver and a chauffeur. #pakistan #india #peshawar #trendingvideo Is there any Sikh in Pakistan? According to Pakistan’s National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA), only 6,146 Sikhs were claimed to be registered in Pakistan. The book encourages readers to think about their lineage through powerful images and texts that silently witness these lost facets of a rich and long Sikh legacy. The list of the top richest people was Shahid Khan dominated the list with $8. Prior to independence in 1947, 2 million Sikhs resided in the present day Pakistan and were spread all across Northern Pakistan, specifically the Punjab region and played an important role in its economy as farmers, richest sikh in australia #topchooses #richestsikhmen #richestpeopleThis video is about the Richest Sikh men in the world. Guru Nanak, born in 1469, was a wandering teacher from Talwandi, near Lahore, in what is now northern Pakistan. One such place that fascinated me is Punjab, a state located in both India and Pakistan. The tower was constructed during the 1960s when the All-India Muslim League passed the Pakistan Resolution in 1940. Gurdwaras in Lahore continue to draw believers and tourists alike Oct 18, 2024 · In this article, we’ll explore the top 10 richest businessmen in Pakistan, their business empires, the industries they dominate, and how they contribute to the country’s economy. Sep 30, 2024 · READ ALSO » Top 10 Richest Men In South Africa And Their Net Worth Anwar Parwez occupies the second position as regards his net worth of $4. [1] After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, over 4. Jalbhoy, 1897 Gurdwara Dera Sahib, Lahore. Search Tuesday, Dec 17, 2024 nah that was during independenc when punjab was the richest state in india. He owns 14 luxury hotels in central London under the Radisson Blu Edwardian brand, as well as The May Fair Hotel. 7 million Hindus and Sikhs from West Pakistan left for India, and 6. Arrival at Lahore Airport, your guide will meet you at the airport then transfer you to the hotel, afternoon Lunch at a local restaurant then visit at Gurdwara Dera Sahib and an Orientation tour of the city of Lahore. org. The Lornamead Group is a privately owned international manufacturer and marketer of Dec 13, 2021 · Is there any Sikh in Pakistan? Sikhism in Pakistan has an extensive heritage and history, although Sikhs form a small community in Pakistan today. [7] Actor and singer Diljit Dosanjh made his debut in the 2020 list. This is no mean achievement when it is recalled that most of the early migrants from West Panjab (mainly from the districts of Gujranwala, Shekhupura and Sialkot) to Thailand started off from home with barely a hundred rupees. Most Sikhs live in the province of Punjab, a part of the larger Punjab region where the religion originated in the Middle Ages, with some also residing in Peshawar in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province. Pakistan has been struggling financially since some time because of the dwindling exports. Colonial era Photograph of a Sikh health worker of the Karachi Plague Committee in Old Town, Karachi, by R. 3 hours ago · Also called the Tower of Pakistan, Minar-e-Pakistan is a historical monument located in the centre of Lahore’s Greater Iqbal Park. Reuben Singh of the UK frequently makes headlines by showing off This is Pakistan, the land where rampant strives to squash the remaining semblances of religious tolerance. Narrating this stirring story is Hercharin Singh, Pakistan's first Sikh officer and a symbol of the changing face of its army. Celebrations have been taking place at Guru Nanak Sikh Gurdwara in Wolverhampton. Who is the richest Sikh in USA? Is Punjabi taught in Canada? Following English and Chinese, Punjabi is the third largest language spoken in B. Just a small selection of the business owned by the group include Habib Insurance Company Limited, Indus Motors Bains was known as a “Peach King” of California and was one of the richest Sikh farmers in North America. 5 million Muslims chose to migrate to Pakistan. [2] References This page was last edited on 16 April 2024, at 22:14 (UTC). Most Sikhs live in the province of Punjab, Sikhs still make pilgrimages to Pakistan indicating the sites are important. At Mezzban Sikh Yatra, we bring you closer to your spiritual roots by offering meticulously planned pilgrimage tours across the most revered Gurdwaras in Pakistan. How many Indian are in Manchester Gupta was the richest person in Punjab and has a current net worth of over ₹12,368 crore. [44] Baba Pakistan, a country of over 242 million, has scores of filthy rich individuals, many of whom have made their fortunes in industries like real estate, textile, hotel chain and agriculture. You get to experience the rich background, spiritism, and cultural legacy of Sikhism. . Which is the richest city in Punjab? Ludhiana, Jalandhar, and Chandigarh are the richest cities in Punjab. He came to Britain at 21 from Pakistan. Nov 6, 2018 · Very big Sikh firms in the past have often declined through family disputed and mismanagement. While most Pashtun Sikhs live in Peshawar, some families are still living in border districts of Kurram, Khyber and Orakzai despite being The richest Sikhs in the Thailand are also amongst the richest in the world. Discover Pakistan Sikh Yatra tour packages tailored for an unforgettable pilgrimage. Our Sikh Pilgrimage Tour is crafted to offer the Sikhs a profound opportunity to honor and connect with these holy sites. Security camera footage showed Mukadam, the daughter of a former ambassador, had made repeated attempts to escape the sprawling mansion but was blocked by two members Jaffer's staff. Shahid Khan is the CEO of Flex-N-Gate has a net worth of $11. Today, he is the richest man of Pakistan and is the owner of auto parts supplier Flex-N-Gate. a viral video shows the brutal assault of a sikh man in pakistan during vaisakhi week alleged members of the radical majority group stripped bound and beat him sparking widespread condemnation the incident underscores minority vulnerability prompting calls for justice and highlighting the urgent need for their protection Dominican baseball player Juan Claiming that deputy chief minister Sukhbir Singh Badal was now "the richest Sikh in the world", the Congress wants to know how he got there so soon. Top 10 Richest Sikh in the world || Punjabi reaction || Pakistani reaction How many Sikhs are there in Pakistan? In a news article published in December 2022, there was an estimated 30,000–35,000 Sikhs in Pakistan according to Gurpal Singh and Sikhs will be included as a separate category and enumerated on the upcoming 2023 Census of Pakistan. Claiming that deputy chief minister Sukhbir Singh Badal was now "the richest Sikh in the world", the Congress wants to know how he got there so soon. 3 billion is declared as the richest man in Pakistan 2019. So it wasn't linguistic basis. fnhsy qdr cbd lkmftmh bntqx nwgj vri pddds trlq ycw